8 research outputs found

    Quantum Information with Continuous Variable systems

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    This thesis deals with the study of quantum communication protocols with Continuous Variable (CV) systems. Continuous Variable systems are those described by canonical conjugated coordinates x and p endowed with infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, thus involving a complex mathematical structure. A special class of CV states, are the so-called Gaussian states. With them, it has been possible to implement certain quantum tasks as quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum computation with fantastic experimental success. The importance of Gaussian states is two-fold; firstly, its structural mathematical description makes them much more amenable than any other CV system. Secondly, its production, manipulation and detection with current optical technology can be done with a very high degree of accuracy and control. Nevertheless, it is known that in spite of their exceptional role within the space of all Continuous Variable states, in fact, Gaussian states are not always the best candidates to perform quantum information tasks. Thus non-Gaussian states emerge as potentially good candidates for communication and computation purposes.Comment: PhD Thesis in Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Published by the Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP) on March 18, 2011. ISBN-13: 978-3-8443-1948-

    Multipartite Continuous Variable Solution for the Byzantine Agreement Problem

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    We demonstrate that the Byzantine Agreement (detectable broadcast) is also solvable in the continuous-variable scenario with multipartite entangled Gaussian states and Gaussian operations (homodyne detection). Within this scheme we find that Byzantine Agreement requires a minimum amount of entanglement in the multipartite states used in order to achieve a solution. We discuss realistic implementations of the protocol, which consider the possibility of having inefficient homodyne detectors, not perfectly correlated outcomes, and noise in the preparation of the resource states. The proposed protocol is proven to be robust and efficiently applicable under such non-ideal conditions.Comment: This paper supersedes and extends arXiv:quant-ph/0507249, title changed to match the published version, 11 pages, 3 figures, published versio

    Operational Quantification of Continuous-Variable Correlations

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    Quantum information with continuous variable systems

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    Descripci贸 del recurs: el 10 de febrer de 2011Aquesta tesi tracta l'estudi de protocols de comunicaci贸 qu脿ntica amb sistemes devariable continua (CV). Els sistemes de CV s贸n aquells descrits per coordenades can貌niques conjugades x i p dotades amb un espai de Hilbert de dimensi贸 in铿乶ita. Una classe especial de sistemes CV s贸n, els anomenats estats Gaussians.Contr脿riament als sistemes discrets, els estats Gaussians entrella莽ats no es podendestil路lar nom茅s amb operacions Gaussianes. No obstant va ser mostrat que, 茅s possible extreure bits cl脿ssics perfectament correlacionats per establir claus secretes aleat貌ries. Apropiadament modi铿乹uem el protocol usant entrella莽ament Gaussi脿 bipartit per assolir la distribuci贸 de claus qu脿ntiques de manera e铿乧ient i realista. Descrivim i demostrem la seguretat en front de diversos possibles atacs enla comunicaci贸, detallant els recursos necessaris. Tamb茅 hem considerat un protocol tripartit simple conegut com Acord Bizant铆. 脡s un vell protocol de comunicaci贸 cl脿ssica en el qu猫 els participants (amb possibles tra茂dors entre ells)nom茅s podem comunicar-se en parelles, mentre intenten arribar a una decisi贸com煤. Cl脿ssicament hi ha un l铆mit en el nombre m脿xim de tra茂dors que poden estar involucrats dins el joc. No obstant, una soluci贸 qu脿ntica existeix. Mostrem aquestasoluci贸 dins els CV usant estats entrella莽ats Gaussians multipartits i operacionsGaussianes. A m茅s, mostrem sota quines premisses, entrella莽ament contingut als estats, soroll, detectors ine铿乧ients, el nostre protocol 茅s e铿乧ient i aplicable amb tecnologia actual. 脡s conegut que tot i que el seu rol excepcional dins els estats CV, de fet, els estats Gaussians no s贸n sempre els millors candidats per desenvolupar tasquesd'informaci贸 qu脿ntica. Aix铆, ataquem el problema de la quanti铿乧aci贸 de correlacions(cl脿ssiques i/o qu脿ntiques) entre dos modes CV (Gaussians i no Gaussians).Proposem de铿乶ir les correlacions entre dos modes com el m脿xim numero de bits correlacionats extrets a trav茅s de mesures locals en les quadratures de cadamode. En els estats Gaussians, on l'entrella莽ament 茅s accessible a trav茅s de la seva matriu de covarian莽a la nostra quanti铿乧aci贸 majoritza l'entrella莽ament, reduint卢se a un monot贸 d'entrella莽ament per estats purs. Per estats no Gaussians, com estats fot貌nics de Bell, estats foto-substrets i mescles d'estats Gaussians, la correlaci贸 de bits en quadratures mostra ser tamb茅 una funci贸 mon貌tona amb la negativitat. Aquesta quanti铿乧aci贸 d贸na una operacional i factible manera de mesurar l'entrella莽ament no Gaussi脿 en experiments actuals mitjan莽ant detecci贸 homodine directa i sense necessitar una tomogra铿乤 completa de l'estat amb lamateixa di铿乧ultat que si es tractes d'estats Gaussians. Finalment ens hem focalitzat amb col路lectivitats at貌miques descrites com CV. L'entrella莽ament indu茂t per la mesura entre dos col路lectivitats at貌miques macrosc貌piques va ser reportat experimentalment al 2001. All脿, la interacci贸 entreun 煤nic pols l脿ser apropant-se a trav茅s de dos col路lectivitats at貌miques separades espacialment combinat amb una mesura projectiva 铿乶al en la llum permetia la creaci贸 d'entrella莽ament EPR pur entre les dues col路lectivitats. Mostrem com generar, manipular i detectar entrella莽ament mesoscopic entre un nombre arbitraride col路lectivitats a trav茅s d'una interf铆cie llum-mat猫ria qu脿ntica no demolidora. Lanostra proposta s'ext茅n d'una manera no trivial per entrella莽ament multipartit (GHZ ide tipus cl煤ster) sense la necessitat de camps magn猫tics locals. A m茅s mostrem sorprenentment que, donat el car脿cter irreversible de la mesura, la interacci贸 de la col路lectivitat at貌mica amb un segon feix de llum pot modi铿乧ar e incl煤s revertir la acci贸 d'entrella莽ament del primer deixant la col路lectivitat en un estat separable.This thesis deals with the study of quantum communication protocols with Continuous Variable (CV) systems. CV systems are those described by canonical conjugated coordinates x and p endowed with in铿乶ite dimensional Hilbertspaces, thus involving a complex mathematical structure. A special class of CVstates, are the so-called Gaussian states. We present a protocol that permits toextract quantum keys from entangled Gaussian states. Differently from discretesystems, Gaussian entangled states cannot be distilled with Gaussian operations only. However it was already shown, that it is still possible to extract perfectly correlated classical bits to establish secret random keys. We properly modify theprotocol using bipartite Gaussian entanglement to perform quantum key distribution in an ef铿乧ient and realistic way. We describe and demonstrate security in front of different possible attacks on the communication, detailing the resources demanded. We also consider a simple 3-partite protocol known as Byzantine Agreement. It is anold classical communication problem in which parties (with possible traitors amongthem) can only communicate pairwise, while trying to reach a common decision. Classically, there is a bound in the maximal number of possible traitors that can be involved in the game. Nevertheless, a quantum solution exist. We show that solution within CV using multipartite entangled Gaussian states and Gaussian operations. Furthermore, we show under which premises concerning entanglement content of the state, noise, inef铿乧ient homodyne detectors, our protocol is ef铿乧ient and applicable with present technology. It is known that in spite of their exceptional role within the space of all CV states, in fact, Gaussian states are not always the best candidates to perform quantum information tasks. Thus, we tackle the problem of quanti铿乧ation of correlations (quantum and/or classical) between two CV modes (Gaussian and non-Gaussian). We propose to de铿乶e correlations between the two modes as the maximal number of correlated bits extracted via local quadrature measurements on each mode. On Gaussian states, where entanglement is accessible via their covariance matrix ourquanti铿乧ation majorizes entanglement, reducing to an entanglement monotone for pure states. For non-Gaussian states, such as photonic Bell states, photon subtracted states and mixtures of Gaussian states, the bit quadrature correlationsare shown to be also a monotonic function of the negativity. This quanti铿乧ation yields a feasible, operational way to measure non-Gaussian entanglement in currentexperiments by means of direct homodyne detection, without needing a complete state tomography with the same complexity as if dealing with Gaussian states. Finally we focus to atomic ensembles described as CV. Measurement induced entanglement between two macroscopical atomic samples was reported experimentally in 2001. There, the interaction between a single laser pulsepropagating through two spatially separated atomic samples combined with a 铿乶al projective measurement on the light led to the creation of pure EPR entanglement between the two samples. We show how to generate, manipulate and detect mesoscopic entanglement between an arbitrary number of atomic samples through a quantum non-demolition matter-light interface. Our proposal extends in a non-trivialway for multipartite entanglement (GHZ and cluster-like) without needing local magnetic 铿乪lds. Moreover, we show quite surprisingly that given the irreversiblecharacter of a measurement, the interaction of the atomic sample with a secondpulse light can modify and even reverse the entangling action of the 铿乺st one leavingthe samples in a separable state

    Manipulating mesoscopic multipartite entanglement with atom-light interfaces

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    Entanglement between two macroscopic atomic ensembles induced by measurement on an ancillary light system has proven to be a powerful method for engineering quantum memories and quantum state transfer. Here we investigate the feasibility of such methods for generation, manipulation, and detection of genuine multipartite entanglement (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and clusterlike states) between mesoscopic atomic ensembles without the need of individual addressing of the samples. Our results extend in a nontrivial way the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement between two macroscopic gas samples reported experimentally in [B. Julsgaard, A. Kozhekin, and E. Polzik, Nature (London) 413, 400 (2001)]. We find that under realistic conditions, a second orthogonal light pulse interacting with the atomic samples, can modify and even reverse the entangling action of the first one leaving the samples in a separable state

    MOOC de Introducci贸n al Business intelligence

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    Colecci贸n de v铆deos docentes del MOOC de Introducci贸n al Business intelligence que la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. El Business Intelligence es uno de los puntales de la actual revoluci贸n tecnol贸gica que estamos experimentando. La cantidad de datos generados por la sociedad de la informaci贸n crece d铆a a d铆a, y seguir谩 creciendo gracias a la explosi贸n de las redes sociales, las smarts cities, el big data, los dispositivos m贸viles, los sensores, etc. Este incremento exponencial del volumen de datos que se generan hace imprescindible el uso de sistemas que sean capaces de analizarlos y convertirlos en informaci贸n 煤til. Por este motivo, nuestra sociedad, nuestras empresas e instituciones necesitan en estos momentos integrar inteligencia dentro de sus procesos organizativos y de decisi贸n, y esto implica incorporar herramientas de business analytics o smart data.Col路lecci贸 de v铆deos docents del MOOC d'Introducci贸 al Business Intelligence que la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. El Business Intelligence 茅s un dels puntals de l'actual revoluci贸 tecnol貌gica que estem experimentant. La quantitat de dades generades per la societat de la informaci贸 creix dia a dia, i seguir脿 creixent gr脿cies a l'explosi贸 de les xarxes socials, les smarts cities, el big data, els dispositius m貌bils, els sensors, etc. Aquest increment exponencial del volum de dades que es generen fa imprescindible l'煤s de sistemes que siguin capa莽os de analitzar-los i convertir-los en informaci贸 煤til. Per aquest motiu, la nostra societat, les nostres empreses i institucions necessiten en aquests moments integrar intel路lig猫ncia dins dels seus processos organitzatius i de decisi贸, i aix貌 implica incorporar eines de business analytics o smart data.Collection of MOOC teaching videos of Introduction to Business Intelligence that the Open University of Catalonia. Business Intelligence is one of the mainstays of the current technological revolution that we are experiencing. The amount of data generated by the information society is growing day by day, and will continue to grow thanks to the explosion of social networks, smart cities, big data, mobile devices, sensors, etc. This exponential increase in the volume of data generated makes it essential to use systems that are capable of analyzing them and converting them into useful information. For this reason, our society, our companies and institutions need at this moment to integrate intelligence within their organizational and decision processes, and this implies incorporating business analytics or smart data tools
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